India and its educational system over the years

India being an newly developed country education plays an vital role in the development.The world is developing so fast..that the third world countries need to educate well to take part in the competion of global world.

The urge of technical education grown tremondously and this is caught up by indians by developing their system.Jawaharlal nehru the first prime minister of india created a system to develop the education in india.He established iits and iims in india to observe the growth of india .
Now iits being one of the world's top universities in techinical education .Rajiv gandhi also created damn sensation in the fied of information and created the iiits . Now the fruits of those seeds are enjoying my our generation.
India is growing at a rate of 8% per year in various feilds and more than 20 % in it feild .so thanks to gandhi's family for this change

It being so long time to get updated... i apologize all of u for that

GOOD C INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What will print out?

   main()
   {
   char *p1= "name";
   char *p2;
   p2=(char*)malloc(20);
   memset (p2, 0, 20);
   while(*p2++ = *p1++);
   printf("%s\n",p2);

   }

   Answer:empty string.

2. What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
   

   main()
   {
   int x=20,y=35;
   x=y++ + x++;
   y= ++y + ++x;
   printf("%d%d\n",x,y);

   }

   Answer : 5794

3. What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
   

   main()
   {
   int x=5;
   printf("%d,%d,%d\n" ,x,x< <2,x>>2);

   }

   Answer: 5,20,1

4. What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
   

   #define swap(a,b) a=a+b;b=a-b;a=a-b;

   void main()
   {
   int x=5, y=10;
   swap (x,y);
   printf( "%d %d\n",x,y);
   swap2(x,y);
   printf("%d %d\n",x,y);
   }

   int swap2(int a, int b)
   {
   int temp;
   temp=a;
   b=a;
   a=temp;
   return 0;

   }

   Answer: 10, 5
   10, 5

5. What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
   

   main()
   {
   char *ptr = " Cisco Systems" ;
   *ptr++; printf("%s\n",ptr);
   ptr++;
   printf( "%s\n",ptr);

   }

   Answer:Cisco Systems
   isco systems

6. What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
   

   main()
   {
   char s1[]="Cisco" ;
   char s2[]= "systems";
   printf( "%s",s1);
   }

   Answer: Cisco

7. What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
   

   main()
   {
   char *p1;
   char *p2;

   p1=(char *)malloc(25);
   p2=(char *)malloc(25);

   strcpy(p1,"Cisco");
   strcpy(p2, "systems");
   strcat(p1,p2);

   printf("%s",p1);

   }

   Answer: Ciscosystems

8. The following variable is available in file1.c, who can access it?:
   

   static int average;
   

   Answer: all the functions in the file1.c can access the variable.

9. WHat will be the result of the following code?
   

   #define TRUE 0 // some code

   while(TRUE)
   {

   // some code

   }

   Answer: This will not go into the loop as TRUE is defined as 0.

10. What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
    

    int x;
    int modifyvalue()
    {
    return(x+=10);
    }

    int changevalue(int x)
    {
    return(x+=1);
    }

    void main()
    {
    int x=10;
    x++;
    changevalue(x);
    x++;
    modifyvalue();
    printf(" First output:%d\n",x);

    x++;
    changevalue(x);
    printf("Second output:%d\n",x);
    modifyvalue();
    printf( "Third output:%d\n",x);

    }

    Answer: 12 , 13 , 13

11. What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
    

    main()
    {
    int x=10, y=15;
    x = x++;
    y = ++y;
    printf( "%d %d\n",x,y);

    }

    Answer: 11, 16

12. What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
    

    main()
    {
    int a=0;
    if(a==0)
    printf( "Cisco Systems\n");
    printf("Cisco Systems\n");

    }

    Answer: Two lines with "Cisco Systems" will be printed.

MORE C++ QUESTIONS FOR JOB APPLICANTS

1. How do you decide which integer type to use?
2. What should the 64-bit integer type on new, 64-bit machines be?
   
3. What's the best way to declare and define global variables?
4. What does extern mean in a function declaration?
5. What's the auto keyword good for?
6. I can't seem to define a linked list node which contains a pointer to itself.
7. How do I declare an array of N pointers to functions returning pointers to functions returning pointers to characters?
8. How can I declare a function that returns a pointer to a function of its own type?
9. My compiler is complaining about an invalid redeclaration of a function, but I only define it once and call it once. What's happening?
10. What can I safely assume about the initial values of variables which are not explicitly initialized?
11. Why can't I initialize a local array with a string?
12. What is the difference between char a[] = "string"; and char *p = "string"; ?
13. How do I initialize a pointer to a function?

C INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What does static variable mean?
2. What is a pointer?
3. What is a structure?
4. What are the differences between structures and arrays?
5. In header files whether functions are declared or defined?
6. What are the differences between malloc() and calloc()?
7. What are macros? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
8. Difference between pass by reference and pass by value?
9. What is static identifier?
10. Where are the auto variables stored?
11. Where does global, static, local, register variables, free memory and C Program instructions get stored?
12. Difference between arrays and linked list?
13. What are enumerations?
14. Describe about storage allocation and scope of global, extern, static, local and register variables?
15. What are register variables? What are the advantage of using register variables?
16. What is the use of typedef?
17. Can we specify variable field width in a scanf() format string? If possible how?
18. Out of fgets() and gets() which function is safe to use and why?
19. Difference between strdup and strcpy?
20. What is recursion?
21. Differentiate between a for loop and a while loop? What are it uses?
22. What are the different storage classes in C?
23. Write down the equivalent pointer expression for referring the same element a[i][j][k][l]?
24. What is difference between Structure and Unions?
25. What the advantages of using Unions?
26. What are the advantages of using pointers in a program?
27. What is the difference between Strings and Arrays?
28. In a header file whether functions are declared or defined?
29. What is a far pointer? where we use it?
30. How will you declare an array of three function pointers where each function receives two ints and returns a float?
31. What is a NULL Pointer? Whether it is same as an uninitialized pointer?
32. What is a NULL Macro? What is the difference between a NULL Pointer and a NULL Macro?
33. What does the error 'Null Pointer Assignment' mean and what causes this error?
34. What is near, far and huge pointers? How many bytes are occupied by them?
35. How would you obtain segment and offset addresses from a far address of a memory location?
36. Are the expressions arr and *arr same for an array of integers?
37. Does mentioning the array name gives the base address in all the contexts?
38. Explain one method to process an entire string as one unit?
39. What is the similarity between a Structure, Union and enumeration?
40. Can a Structure contain a Pointer to itself?
41. How can we check whether the contents of two structure variables are same or not?
42. How are Structure passing and returning implemented by the complier?
43. How can we read/write Structures from/to data files?
44. What is the difference between an enumeration and a set of pre-processor # defines?
45. What do the 'c' and 'v' in argc and argv stand for?
46. Are the variables argc and argv are local to main?
47. What is the maximum combined length of command line arguments including the space between adjacent arguments?
48. If we want that any wildcard characters in the command line arguments should be appropriately expanded, are we required to make any special provision? If yes, which?
49. Does there exist any way to make the command line arguments available to other functions without passing them as arguments to the function?
50. What are bit fields? What is the use of bit fields in a Structure declaration?
51. To which numbering system can the binary number 1101100100111100 be easily converted to?
52. Which bit wise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is on or off?
53. Which bit wise operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number?
54. Which bit wise operator is suitable for putting on a particular bit in a number?
55. Which bit wise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is on or off?
56. Which one is equivalent to multiplying by 2?
    • Left shifting a number by 1
    • Left shifting an unsigned int or char by 1?
57. Write a program to compare two strings without using the strcmp() function.
58. Write a program to concatenate two strings.
59. Write a program to interchange 2 variables without using the third one.
60. Write programs for String Reversal. The same for Palindrome check.
61. Write a program to find the Factorial of a number.
62. Write a program to generate the Fibonacci Series?
63. Write a program which employs Recursion?
64. Write a program which uses command line arguments.
65. Write a program which uses functions like strcmp(), strcpy(), etc.
66. What are the advantages of using typedef in a program?
67. How would you dynamically allocate a one-dimensional and two-dimensional array of integers?
68. How can you increase the size of a dynamically allocated array?
69. How can you increase the size of a statically allocated array?
70. When reallocating memory if any other pointers point into the same piece of memory do you have to readjust these other pointers or do they get readjusted automatically?
71. Which function should be used to free the memory allocated by calloc()?
72. How much maximum can you allocate in a single call to malloc()?
73. Can you dynamically allocate arrays in expanded memory?
74. What is object file? How can you access object file?
75. Which header file should you include if you are to develop a function which can accept variable number of arguments?
76. Can you write a function similar to printf()?
77. How can a called function determine the number of arguments that have been passed to it?
78. Can there be at least some solution to determine the number of arguments passed to a variable argument list function?
79. How do you declare the following:
    • An array of three pointers to chars
    • An array of three char pointers
    • A pointer to array of three chars
    • A pointer to function which receives an int pointer and returns a float pointer
    • A pointer to a function which receives nothing and returns nothing
80. What do the functions atoi(), itoa() and gcvt() do?
81. Does there exist any other function which can be used to convert an integer or a float to a string?
82. How would you use qsort() function to sort an array of structures?
83. How would you use qsort() function to sort the name stored in an array of pointers to string?
84. How would you use bsearch() function to search a name stored in array of pointers to string?
85. How would you use the functions sin(), pow(), sqrt()?
86. How would you use the functions memcpy(), memset(), memmove()?
87. How would you use the functions fseek(), freed(), fwrite() and ftell()?
88. How would you obtain the current time and difference between two times?
89. How would you use the functions randomize() and random()?
90. How would you implement a substr() function that extracts a sub string from a given string?
91. What is the difference between the functions rand(), random(), srand() and randomize()?
92. What is the difference between the functions memmove() and memcpy()?
93. How do you print a string on the printer?
94. Can you use the function fprintf() to display the output on the screen?
95. Gautam Pagedar adds this question: What is a linklist and why do we use it when we have arrays? - I feel the correct answer should be linklist is used in cases where you don't know the memory required to store a data structure and need to allocate is dynamically on demand.
96. How do you detect a loop in linked list?
97. Sunil asks: What is the difference between main() in C and main() in C++?
98. ajz at his interviews asks what will be printed out when the following code is executed:
    

    main()
    {
    printf("%x",-1<<4);
    }

C++ INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What is the difference between an ARRAY and a LIST?
2. What is faster : access the element in an ARRAY or in a LIST?
3. Define a constructor - what it is and how it might be called (2 methods).
4. Describe PRIVATE, PROTECTED and PUBLIC – the differences and give examples.
5. What is a COPY CONSTRUCTOR and when is it called (this is a frequent question !)?
6. Explain term POLIMORPHISM and give an example using eg. SHAPE object: If I have a base class SHAPE, how would I define DRAW methods for two objects CIRCLE and SQUARE.
7. What is the word you will use when defining a function in base class to allow this function to be a polimorphic function?
8. What are 2 ways of exporting a function from a DLL?
9. You have two pairs: new() and delete() and another pair : alloc() and free(). Explain differences between eg. new() and malloc()
10. What is a callback function. Explain in C and C++ and WIN API environment.
11. (From WINDOWS API area): what is LPARAM and WPARAM?

C QUESTIONS FOR HARDWARE ENGINEERS

1. What are the total number of lines written in C/C++? What is the most complicated/valuable program written in C/C++?
2. What compiler was used?
3. Have you studied buses? What types?
4. Have you studied pipelining? List the 5 stages of a 5 stage pipeline. Assuming 1 clock per stage, what is the latency of an instruction in a 5 stage machine? What is the throughput of this machine ?
5. How many bit combinations are there in a byte?
6. What is the difference between = and == in C?
7. Are you familiar with VHDL and/or Verilog?